What is Sexual Health?

Understanding Sexual Health

In 2001, former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher released a report highlighting the importance of sexual health as part of overall health. He explained that sexual health is closely connected to both physical and mental health. Problems in one area can affect the other. He also emphasized that sexual health isn’t only about being free from diseases or dysfunction; it includes understanding the risks, responsibilities, and impacts of sexual choices, practicing safe behaviors, and having the freedom from abuse or discrimination. Sexual health also means being able to enjoy sexual pleasure and, if desired, to reproduce.

World Health Organization (WHO) Definition

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines sexual health as a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. It involves having safe and pleasurable sexual experiences, free from coercion, discrimination, and violence. To achieve sexual health, people’s sexual rights must be respected and protected.

How ASHA Defines Sexual Health

The American Sexual Health Association (ASHA) defines sexual health as the ability to embrace and enjoy sexuality throughout life. It is an important part of both physical and emotional health. Being sexually healthy means:

• Understanding that sexuality is a natural part of life and involves more than just sexual behavior.
• Recognizing and respecting everyone’s sexual rights.
• Having access to sexual health information, education, and care.
• Preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and getting care when needed.
• Being able to experience sexual pleasure and intimacy when desired.
• Communicating openly about sexual health with partners and healthcare providers.

ASHA believes everyone has the right to the information and services they need to achieve good sexual health. They envision a future where there is no stigma around sexual health and it is seen as a normal, healthy, and positive part of life.

Sexual Health is About More Than Just the Individual

Sexual health is influenced by more than just personal actions and experiences. Society, laws, and access to resources also play a big role. For example:

• Laws and Policies: In the U.S., laws about abortion, sex education, and LGBTQ+ rights vary widely by state. These laws can greatly impact a person’s ability to access sexual health services.
• Access to Care: Not everyone has easy access to healthcare providers, contraception, or information. Some people live in areas called “contraceptive deserts,” where there is no easy access to a full range of contraceptive methods.
• Other Barriers: Lack of transportation, inability to take time off work, and stigma can all prevent people from accessing sexual health services.

Despite these barriers, there are ways to take charge of your sexual health. Learning about your body, talking to healthcare providers and partners, and understanding your rights are great places to start. Educating yourself about relationships, safer sex, consent, and pleasure can also help you make informed and empowered decisions about your sexual health.